Establishment of nomogram model for the risk factors of cerebral hemorrhage in young people / 中国综合临床

Objective:To explore the common risk factors of intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) in young people and to establish a predictive model of nomogram.Methods:The relevant data of young patients with ICH (≤45 years ) hospitalized in the Department of Neurosurgery of Dezhou people's Hospital from January 2014 to August 2021 were retrospectively studied, and the young group who underwent physical examination in the Physical Examination Center of Dezhou people's Hospital at the same time were randomly selected as the control group. Analyze the risk factors that may affect cerebral hemorrhage in young people, screen the risk factors with statistical differences through single factor analysis, screen the independent risk factors according to multi factor Logistic regression analysis, construct the risk nomogram model of cerebral hemorrhage in young people, and test the efficiency, goodness of fit and benefit of the constructed model through internal validation.Results:Compared with the control group, there were statistically significant differences in family history (χ 2=115.66, P<0.001), hypertension grade( Z=17.67, P<0.001), smoking history (χ 2=33.91, P<0.001), drinking grade ( Z=4.84, P<0.001), body mass index (BMI) ( t=11.76, P<0.001), low density lipoprotein ( t=4.78, P<0.001), high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( t=5.83, P<0.001),blood glucose ( Z=5.68, P<0.001) and homocysteine ( Z=2.22, P<0.001) in the case group. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension grade ( OR=3.457, 95%CI: 2.809-4.254, P<0.001), family history ( OR=2.871, 95%CI:1.868-4.413, P<0.001), BMI ( OR=1.093, 95%CI:1.040-1.148, P<0.001), high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( OR=0.230, 95%CI:0.111-0.480, P<0.001), blood glucose ( OR=3.457, 95%CI:2.809-4.254, P<0.001), homocysteine (O R=3.457, 95%CI:2.809-4.254, P<0.001) was an independent risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage in young adults. The nomogram prediction model showed that BMI was 96 points, hypertension grade was 100 points, family history was 30 points, high density lipoprotein cholesterol was 76 points, homocysteine was 48 points, blood glucose was 52 points,homocysteine was 48 points and blood glucose was 52 points, respectively. The consistency coefficient of the prediction model was 0.874. The nomogram dependent ROC curve AUC was 0.891, and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 74.5% (263/353) and 89.7% (437/487), respectively, a nomogram model was established with good diagnostic efficiency. Conclusion:The nomogram model established in this study can predict the probability of intracerebral hemorrhage in high-risk population, and take intervention measures as early as possible to prevent the occurrence of intracerebral hemorrhage in young people.

Effect of age on self-efficacy of patients with limbs fracture / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of age on self-efficacy of patients with limbs fracture, effective intervention measures should be taken to improve the prognosis of fracture patients.Methods:A total of 210 patients with limbs fracture from January 2017 to April 2019 were selected as research object, and they were divided into group A(<20 years old group)35 cases,group B(20 to 30 years old group)35 cases,group C(31 to 40 years old group)35 cases,group D(41 to 50 years old group)35 cases,group E(51 to 60 years old group)35 cases and group F(>60 years old group)35 cases according to the differences of ages. Then the General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES) and visual simulation were used to evaluate self-efficacy in six groups, and the evaluation results were compared to analyze the influence of age on treatment efficacy in patients with limb fracture.Results:There was no significant difference in GSES scale and self-efficacy between group A and group B ( P > 0.05). The proportion of low score and low self-efficacy score of group A and group B was significantly lower than that of group C, D, E and F, the proportion of high score of GSES scale and high score of self-efficacy was significantly higher than that of group C, D, E and F, the proportion of those with low GSES scores and low self-efficacy scores in group C, D, E and F increased in turn, while those with high GSES scores and high self-efficacy scores decreased in turn, and the difference between the two groups was significant ( χ2 value was 10.09-50.86, all P < 0.05). Conclusions:The treatment efficacy of patients with limbs fracture in different ages have obvious differences,and the treatment efficacy of patients should be paid more intervention with the age increasing. Therapeutic efficacy of elderly patients is gradually decreasing,clinical intervention should be paid attention to the treatment efficacy of elderly patients.

Effects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Tendon Adhesion in Late Period after Hand Tendon Repair / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To observe the effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on tendon adhesion in late period after hand tendon repair. Methods:From July, 2017 to December, 2018, 40 patients with tendon adhesion after hand tendon repair more than three months were collected. They were randomly divided into control group (n = 20) and experimental group (n = 20). Two groups received routine therapy, and the experimental group added extracorporeal shock wave therapy. Before and two months after treatment, the total active movement (TAM) of the fingers and the grip strength were messured. Results:There was no significant difference in TAM of the fingers and the grip strength before treatment (P > 0.05). After treatment, TAM of the fingers and the grip strength significantly increased (|t| > 10.284,P < 0.001), and were higher in the experimental group than in the control group (t > 0.386,P < 0.001). Conclusion:Extracorporeal shock wave therapy could facilitate to improve the tendon slippage and hand function in patients with tendon adhesion after hand tendon repair.

Study on the correlation between the mandibular masticatory muscle movement and sleep tooth wear / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the correlation between the clinical diagnostic criteria of sleep bruxism and the frequency of mandibular movements during sleep.@*METHODS@#Video polysomnography was used to record 20 healthy adults with at least one of the following clinical symptoms and signs: 1) report of frequent tooth grinding; 2) tooth wear and dentin exposure with at least three occlusal surfaces; 3) masticatory muscle symptoms in the morning; 4) masseter muscle hypertrophy. The rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA) and isolated tonic activity were scored to compare the correlations with clinical symptoms and signs. Finally, the incidence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) was investigated in patients with isolated tonic and RMMA subjects.@*RESULTS@#Among the 20 subjects, RMMA events were observed (5.8±3.1) times·h⁻¹ and isolated tonic episodes were observed (2.1±0.9) times·h⁻¹. The frequency of RMMA events was significantly greater in the patients with acoustic molars than in those without (P<0.05). Similarly, the frequency of RMMA events was significantly greater in the patients with tooth attrition than in those without (P<0.05). However, no difference was observed between the occurrence of RMMA and the symptoms of masticatory muscles or masseter hypertrophy in the morning. The incidence of TMD was significantly higher in the patients with RMMA than in the isolated tonic patients.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The clinical symptoms and signs often used to diagnose sleep bruxism are different clinical and physiological mandibular movements during sleep. RMMA during sleep can reflect the occurrence of tooth attrition and the high risk of TMD.

Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by Cadmium and Its Regulation on Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Kidneys of Rats / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study was conducted to investigate the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress on Nrf2 signaling pathway in the kidneys of rats.@*METHODS@#Rats were divided into twelve groups of six animals each. Some groups were pre-administered with bacitracin or tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), and all of them were treated with 5-20 μmol/kg cadmium (Cd) for 48 h. The oxidative stress levels were analyzed using kits. The mRNA and protein expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related factors and Nrf2 signaling pathway-related factors were determined using RT-PCR and western blot.@*RESULTS@#Cd exposure resulted in oxidative stress in the kidneys of rats and upregulated the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related factors and Nrf2 signaling pathway-related factors, especially at doses of 10 and 20 μmol/kg Cd, and the expression changes were particularly obvious. Moreover, after pretreatment with bacitracin, Cd upregulated the expression of ERS-related factors to a certain extent and, at higher doses, increased the mRNA expression of Nrf2. After pretreatment with TUDCA, Cd reduced the level of ERS to a certain extent; however, at these doses, there were no significant changes in the expression of Nrf2.@*CONCLUSION@#Cadmium can result in ERS and oxidative stress in the kidneys of rats, activate Nrf2, and upregulate the transcriptional expression of phase II detoxification enzymes under these experimental conditions. ERS has a positive regulation effect on Nrf2 signaling pathway but has little effect on the negative regulation of Nrf2 signaling pathway in cadmium toxicity.

Effect of imperatorin on airway inflammation of asthmatic mice model by Nrf2/HO-1 anti-oxidant pathway / 中草药

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of imperatorin (IMP) in the asthmatic mice model, and study whether its mechanism is related to Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Methods A total of 50 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups, namely the control group, the OVA asthma model group, and the IMP low, medium and high dose treatment groups (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg). HE, Masson, and PAS staining were used to observe lung histopathological changes in mice; ELISA was used to detect the contents of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IFN-γ, and IgE in the BALF of mice; DHR-123 was used to detect the content of ROS in the mice BALF; The expression levels of protein carbonyl and MDA in lung tissues of mice were measured; The anti-oxidant enzyme kit was used to detect SOD, GSH, and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) in BALF; immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 in lung tissues; The contents of Nrf2 and HO-1 in lung tissues were quantitatively analyzed by Western blotting. Results Compared with the model group, IMP reduced the exudation of inflammatory cells, the proliferation of goblet cells, and collagen deposition; IMP reduced the expression of ROS, total IgE, and OVA specific IgE in BALF; IMP decreased the contents of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, protein carbonyl, and MDA, and increased the content of IFN-γ, SOD, GSH, and TAOC; The results of immunohistochemistry indicated that IMP increased the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in lung tissues; Western blotting showed that IMP induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and the expression of HO-1 at the protein level. Conclusion IMP plays a therapeutic role in asthmatic mice induced by OVA, and its mechanism may be related to the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Preparation of a poIy(3-hydroxybutyrate-4-hydroxybutyrate)/poIyvinyI aIcohoI composite scaffoId by coaxiaI eIectrospinning and its biocompatibiIity / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB4HB) is a kind of polymer material that can be completely degraded, has good film-forming property and physical properties, but has poor hydrophilicity. OBJECTIVE: To prepare P3HB4HB/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coaxial electrospun scaffolds, and to investigate the physical properties and biocompatibility of scaffolds in vitro. METHODS: We prepared P3HB4HB electrospun scaffold, PVA electrospun scaffold and P3HB4HB/PVA coaxial electrospun composite scaffold, and then detected the morphology and characterization, contact angle, and tensile mechanical properties of the scaffolds. Passage 4 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from Sprague-Dawley rats were seeded on the three kinds of scaffolds. Cell adhesion rate was detected at 1, 3, 6 hours after seeding; cell proliferation was detect at 1, 3, 5, 7 days after seeding; and cell viability was observed fluorescence staining at 7 days after seeding. Passage 4 BMSCs were seeded onto the three kinds of scaffolds followed by 14 days of osteogenic and chondrogenic induction. Then, alizarin red staining and toluidine blue staining were used to verify BMSCs differentiation potentials. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Scaffold morphology: Under the scanning electron microscope, the structure of the scaffold in each group was a three-dimensional interconnected network. The fiber diameters of P3HB4HB electrospun scaffold and P3HB4HB/PVA electrospun scaffold were homogeneous and ordered. The P3HB4HB/PVA scaffold showed an obvious core-shell structure under the transmission electron microscope. (2) Scaffold characterization: The tensile strength, tensile modulus and maximum stress of the P3HB4HB and P3HB4HB/PVA scaffolds were significantly higher than those of the PVA electrospun scaffold (P < 0.05). The contact angle of the P3HB4HB/PVA composite scaffold was less than 90°. (3) Cell adhesion rate was ranked as follows: PVA electrospun scaffold group >P3HB4HB/PVA composite scaffold group > P3HB4HB electrospun scaffold group (P < 0.05). (4) Proliferation and activity of cells: The cell proliferation of the P3HB4HB/PVA composite scaffold group was faster than that of the other two groups at 5 and 7 days (P < 0.05). There were more viable cells on the PVA electrospun scaffold and composite scaffold than on the P3HB4HB electrospun scaffold. (5) Cell differentiation: Osteogenesis and cartilage specific staining of the composite scaffold were stronger than those in the other two groups. Overall, the P3HB4HB/PVA coaxial electrospun scaffold has good biocompatibility and a certain mechanical strength.

Research progress on soft tissue treatment technology of the delayed implant restoration in aesthetic area / 口腔疾病防治

@#In patients with anterior teeth loss, especially in patients with soft tissue defects, the aesthetic problem of soft tissue is still a major problem in the delayed planting restoration. In the restoration of anterior teeth, the health of the soft tissue around implants play a key role in guaranteeing the long-term success of dental implants. Therefore, consideration is worth being taken that how to deal with the soft tissue during the process of the delayed implant restoration as well as how to evaluate the effects after treatment. According to the process of the delayed implant operation sequence therapy-preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative treatment, this article will have a literature review and summary through these aspects as followings: the red aesthetic evaluation index, treatment of soft tissue around delayed implant, clinical curative effect evaluation.

Increased BMR in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes may result from an increased fat-free mass / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The study aimed to determine the relationships between the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body composition of overweight and obese Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This cross-sectional clinical study enrolled 193 Chinese adults with type 2 DM who were overweight (24 kg/m(2)=BMI≤28 kg/m(2), n=99), or obese (BMI ≥28 kg/m(2), n=94). Ninety-seven adults with normal BMIs, including 50 DM patients and 47 healthy adults, were recruited as a control group. BMR was measured by indirect calorimetry; predicted BMR was calculated according to the Schofield equation; and the relationships between BMR, body composition, and biochemical results were determined by the Pearson correlation. The results showed that obese DM patients had significantly higher BMRs than both overweight patients (P<0.05) and patients with normal BMI did (P<0.05). The measured BMR was significantly lower than the predicted BMR (P<0.05) in all groups. Obese and overweight DM patients had significantly greater weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI, body surface area, body fat percentage, fat mass, and fat-free mass than patients with normal BMI. Except for waist circumference, these body composition measurements were significantly increased in obese DM patients when compared with those in overweight DM patients (P<0.05). Fat-free mass was closely correlated with BMR in both DM patients (r=0.874, P<0.01) and in healthy controls (r=0.902, P<0.01). It was concluded that overweight and obese Chinese adults with type 2 DM had increased BMRs compared with normal-weight controls, which may result from the difference in fat-free mass.

Effect of DNA single strand breaks and 8-OHd G production on cadmium-induced toxicity on human embryonic kidney epithelial cells / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of cadmium chloride( CdCl_2) on DNA single strand breaks and the production of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine( 8-OHdG) in human embryonic kidney epithelial cells( HEK cells). METHODS: HEK cells in logarithm growth phase were divided into 5 groups and incubated with the different concentrations of CdCl_2( 0. 0,2. 5,5. 0,10. 0 and 20. 0 μmol/L) for 24,48 and 72 hours in vitro. After harvesting the cells,DNA single strand breaks was tested by single cell gel electrophoresis,and the level of 8-OHdG was measured using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The Olive tail moment was statistically significant in the main effect of CdCl_2 exposed HEK cells( P < 0. 01). Among them,when HEK cells were exposed to 5. 0 μmol / L of CdCl_2,the Olive tail moment began to have a statistical significant increasing trend compared with the 0. 0 μmol / L group( P < 0. 05); when CdCl_2 concentration was 2. 5-10. 0 μmol / L,the Olive tail moment lengthened with the increasing dose of cadmium exposure,showing a doseeffect relationship( P < 0. 05). The tail DNA% was statistically significant in the interaction between exposure treatment and exposure time in HEK cells( P < 0. 01). Among them,when CdCl_2 concentration was at 2. 5-10. 0 μmol / L at 24 hours time point and 5. 0-20. 0 μmol / L at 48 hours time point,the tail DNA% raised with the increasing dose of cadmium exposure,showing a dose-effect relationship( P < 0. 05). The tail DNA% at 3 time points of 24,48 and 72 hours after exposure to 20. 0 μmol / L of CdCl_2 in HEK cells increased with the increasing time of cadmium exposure,showing a timeeffect relationship( P < 0. 05). The level of 8-OHdG had statistical significance in the main effect of CdCl_2 exposure treatment in HEK cells( P < 0. 05). Among them,the level of 8-OHdG was first significantly increased only after exposure to 10. 0 μmol / L CdCl_2 compared with the 0. 0 μmol / L group( P < 0. 05). After treatment with Ca Cl2,there was no doseeffect relationship and time-effect relationship found between the cadmium chloride exposure and tail length as well as the tail / head length ratio and 8-OHdG level. CONCLUSION: To a certain extent,CdCl_2 exposure may cause both DNA single strand breaks and 8-OHdG production in HEK cells. Compared with 8-OHdG,the DNA single strand breaks show more significant change with a lower dose of cadmium treatment,which may be related to its higher sensitivity to cadmium toxicity than 8-OHdG.

Increased BMR in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes may result from an increased fat-free mass / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The study aimed to determine the relationships between the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body composition of overweight and obese Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This cross-sectional clinical study enrolled 193 Chinese adults with type 2 DM who were overweight (24 kg/m(2)=BMI≤28 kg/m(2), n=99), or obese (BMI ≥28 kg/m(2), n=94). Ninety-seven adults with normal BMIs, including 50 DM patients and 47 healthy adults, were recruited as a control group. BMR was measured by indirect calorimetry; predicted BMR was calculated according to the Schofield equation; and the relationships between BMR, body composition, and biochemical results were determined by the Pearson correlation. The results showed that obese DM patients had significantly higher BMRs than both overweight patients (P<0.05) and patients with normal BMI did (P<0.05). The measured BMR was significantly lower than the predicted BMR (P<0.05) in all groups. Obese and overweight DM patients had significantly greater weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI, body surface area, body fat percentage, fat mass, and fat-free mass than patients with normal BMI. Except for waist circumference, these body composition measurements were significantly increased in obese DM patients when compared with those in overweight DM patients (P<0.05). Fat-free mass was closely correlated with BMR in both DM patients (r=0.874, P<0.01) and in healthy controls (r=0.902, P<0.01). It was concluded that overweight and obese Chinese adults with type 2 DM had increased BMRs compared with normal-weight controls, which may result from the difference in fat-free mass.

Comparison of lateral arm flap and radial forearm flap in reconstruction after oral cancer ablation / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical application of lateral arm flap and radial forearm flap in reconstruction after oral cancer ablation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 21 cases with lateral arm flap and 104 cases with radial forearm flap between 2007 and 2009 were reviewed. The flap harvest time, flap survival rate, donor site morbidity and postoperative oral function were compared and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average flap harvest time of lateral arm flap and radial forearm flap were (46.4±7.6) min and (41.5±7.5) min (x±s) respectively. The flap survival rates of the two flaps were 90.5% (19/21) and 95.2% (99/104) respectively. There was no significant difference between the two flaps in the average flap harvest time and survival rate (P>0.05). The donor site of lateral arm flap could be primarily closed and radial nerve injury occurred in 2 patients. Skin graft was necessary for the donor site closure of radial forearm flap and conspicuous unattractive scar could be seen. All patients could have oral diet and no difficulty in speech intelligibility.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The lateral arm flap is relatively safe and reliable alterative to the radial forearm flap for the defects reconstruction after oral cancer ablation.</p>

125I seed implant brachytherapy of recurrent parotid gland malignant tumor / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficacy of radioactive seeds for the treatment of recurrence malignant parotid gland tumors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-three patients with recurrence malignant parotid gland tumor treated by radioactive seeds were retrospectively reviewed. Three patients received implanted radioactive seeds alone. Thirty patients underwent both tumor resection and radioactive seeds implanting. The patients were followed up for 1041 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All three patients receiving implanted radioactive seeds alone achieved CR Twenty-four patients treated by operation and radioactive seeds implanting had no local recurrence. The overall local control rate was 88%. The facial nerves were preserved in thirteen of fifteen patients without facial nerve palsy before treatment, and the facial nerve functioned well after operation. Four patients showed slight radiotherapeutic side effect.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Radioactive seeds implanting combined with operation or implanting radioactive seeds alone for the treatment of recurrent malignant parotid gland tumors could get good local control and treatment effects.</p>

Reliability of superficial temporal artery and vein as the recipient vessels in free flap transfers in head and neck region / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the reliability of superficial temporal artery and vein as the recipient vessels in free flap transfers in head and neck region.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From May 2001 to June 2008, 25 cases of head and neck reconstructions were performed by using the vessels in the temporal region as recipient vessels.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 25 recipient veins, 23 were superficial temporal veins, and 2 were deep temporal veins. The recipient arteries of all 25 free flaps were superficial temporal arteries. All the free flaps survived completely, without postoperative vessel thrombosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The superficial temporal artery and vein can be used as reliable recipient vessels in free flap transfers in head and neck region.</p>

Reliability of skin paddle in monitoring blood flow after free fibular osteocutaneous composite flap transfer / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the reliability of skin paddle in monitoring blood flow after free fibular osteocutaneous composite flap transfer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seven hundred and fourteen consecutive cases of mandibular or maxillary reconstruction using free fibular flap from May 1999 to September 2007 were reviewed. The cases with postoperative vessel thrombosis were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Postoperative vessel thrombosis occurred in 23 cases, 17 were venous and 6 arterial. Among 14 cases of venous thrombosis with color change of skin paddles, only 6 were successfully salvaged, but 3 cases with no color change of skin paddles were all successfully salvaged. For arterial thrombosis, only one flap was successfully salvaged. The postoperative vessel thrombosis rate was 3.2%, and the salvage rate was 43.5%. The overall successful rate of free fibula flap was 98.2%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Postoperative vessel thrombosis can not be detected in the early stage if only observing the color change of skin paddle after free fibula flap transfer.</p>

The applicatlon of principal components:analysis in priority analysis of community health care project for elderlies / 中华全科医师杂志

A survey was conducted among 121 health care managers and health workers in community health care institutions with questionnaire and interview.Data on health care conditions in the community and health needs of elderly people were collected and analyzed using principle component analysis method.The priority order of 17 community health care projects for elderly people was ranked with this analysis method and the development strategy of community health service was suggested.

Reliability of residual internal jugular vein as the receipt vein in free flap transfer in head and neck region / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the reliability of residual internal jugular vein as the receipt vein in free flap transfer in head and neck region.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixteen cases of head and neck reconstruction using the end-to-side anastomosis to the residual internal jugular vein were reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 11 radial forearm flaps, 3 fibular flaps, one jejunal flap, and one abdominis myocutaneous flap. The vascular pedicles of all free flaps have enough length to reach the site of residual internal jugular vein for anastomosis without the need of vein grafting. All the free flaps survived completely, without postoperative vessel thrombosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>End-to-side anastomosis to the residual internal jugular vein in free flap transfer in head and neck region is safe and reliable.</p>

Influence of prior radiotherapy on free tissue transfer in head and neck region / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the influence of prior radiotherapy on free tissue transfer in head and neck region.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One thousand and sixty-six consecutive free flap transfers performed in 1007 patients in head and neck region from May 1999 to March 2005 were reviewed. Among the 1007 cases, 146 had a history of prior radiotherapy (radiation group), and the other 896 without prior radiotherapy (non-radiation group). The two groups were compared in terms of free flap success rate and postoperative complication rate.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The success rate of free flap was 97.6% in the radiation group, and 98.4% in the non-radiation group. The postoperative complication rate was 38.4% in the radiation group, and 36.4% in the non-radiation group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Prior radiotherapy poses no significant influence on free tissue transfer in head and neck region.</p>

168 cases of free flap transplantation with double vein anastomoses for reconstruction of head and neck defects / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the reliability and effectiveness of free flap transfer with double vein anastomosis for reconstruction of head and neck defects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and sixty-eight cases of free flap transfers with double vein anastomosis for head and neck reconstruction from September 1999 to April 2003 were reviewed. There were 92 males and 76 females. The age range was 11 to 79 years old, with the average of 44.6 years old. Data concerning the operation included site, stage and histology of tumor, defect description, design of free flap, recipient vessel free flap survival and complications.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 168 free flaps, there were 126 free fibula flaps, 32 radial forearm flaps, 7 rectus abdominis flaps, one scapular flap, one jejunal flap, and one anterolateral thigh flap. The overall success rate of free flap was 99.4%. One fibula flap was lost because of arterial thrombosis. No venous thrombosis occurred in this group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Free flap transfer with double vein anantomosis for head and neck reconstruction improves the outflow of free flap, reduces the venous thrombosis rate, and ensures a high success rate of free flaps.</p>

The impacts of various types of neck dissection on postoperative shoulder function for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the impact of various types of neck dissection on postoperative shoulder function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The shoulder functions of 66 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and cN0 necks who underwent various types of neck dissection were evaluated by Constant's shoulder function test and neck dissection impairment index at least 12 months after surgery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients with accessory spinal nerve reserved had better shoulder function than those with accessory spinal nerve resected. In the group with accessory spinal nerve reserved, the patients receiving selective neck dissection (SND) showed better shoulder function than those with modified radical neck dissection (MRND). The shoulder dysfunction and pain arising from SND were minor in patients with selective neck dissection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The shoulder function after SND was superior to those after RND and MRND.</p>